TASK 1 : EDITING FOR A PURPOSE
Brief editing history.
Edwin Porter was an American early film pioneer and he was most famous for being a director with the Thomas Edison Company. His most important films are The Great Train Robbery made in 1903 and Life of An American Fireman also made in 1903. He was hired by Thomas Edison in 1899 and then he was soon put in charge of Edison’s New York Motion Picture Studio, during the next decade he had become the most influential film maker in the US.
The Great Train Robbery was a one-reel film, it had a running time of 12 minutes and it had been assembled in twenty separate shots. This film was classed as being ground breaking and innovative due to its cross cutting in editing to shown action in all different places.
D.W Griffith was an American film director and he was best known for being the director of the film The Birth of a Nation in 1915. In this film he shown use of advanced camera and narrative techniques and it was extremely popular for that time. In 1907 he had wrote a play and he went to New York with hope of selling his script to Edwin Porter but when Porter rejected his script he instead gave him an acting part in Rescued From An Eagles Nest.
Conventions and techniques.
Transitions:
A transition in film is a technique used in the post-production process of film/video editing, this is because it is where the scenes or shots are combined together, and this is done by using a cut that goes straight to the next scene. But as well as this most films include selective uses of other transitions, they usually do this to set a tone or mood as this gives more of an affect or conveys emotion to the audience or is put there to suggest that time has passed or for separate parts of the story. These other transitions are Dissolves, Cuts, Fades and Wipes.
Cut:
A cut is the most basic of all the transitions, are there is no particular processes needed to perform a cut, are the two film strips are just simply placed next to each other in edit, when an audience are watching a film that has a cut transition in, it will be recognised as one image being replaced with another image almost instantly.
Dissolve:
This involves gradually changing the visibility of the clip being played, however rather than transitioning straight from shot to colour, a dissolve is when a shot changes into another slowly.
Fade:
Just like the dissolve transition a fade occurs when the picture has gradually completely turned into a single colour, in most films they tend to use the colour black for this. Fade INS are usually used at the beginning of a film, while fade outs are typically found at the end of a film.
Wipes:
A wipe is when one shot replaces another shot; it is done by the new shot travelling from a opposite side of the screen. This transition happens mainly at the end of title credits.
Point Of View Shot:
The camera will be placed as though we are that character as we will see everything that that person see’s. This technique is mainly used as it draws the viewer in to the film more and gives them more involvement as an audience.
In camera editing:
This is where a film has been created by filming a sequence of shots in the order that they will be screened and when this is done the post production process is usually left out. Editing with the camera involves planning beforehand the shots that you will be filming later on.
Multiple points of view:
This is when the different points of view on screen and they show the characters/actors side of views. The camera will be placed as though we are that character as we will see everything that that person see’s.
Shot Variation:
This is where you break long shots up, cutting them down into smaller parts, this is done when there is a really long shot that is only based around one thing in particular so instead of showing it all as it would become boring, different length of shots are used varying from a long, to a medium and a close up shot, this is so we can just focus on that one thing showing that it has more importance.
Manipulation of diegetic time and space:
This is the editing technique that is used to portray time unconventionally this is when an edit is used to make it look like a person or the environment or an object is changing over time.
Seamless editing:
This is masking one cut to the next matching frame.
Montage editing:
Is where short shots are then pieced together and edited into a sequence and this is done to condense space, time and information for the viewer. It is mainly used to show a passing of time.
Parallel editing:
This is also known as cross-cutting. It is a technique used within film editing and it falls under the continuity editing. Parallel editing has many effects but the main important effect that this technique has is that of simultaneousness, suggesting two things, or scenes are happening at the exact same time. Here is an example of parallel editing.
The Purpose of Editing
Transitions:
A transition in film is a technique used in the post-production process of film/video editing, this is because it is where the scenes or shots are combined together, and this is done by using a cut that goes straight to the next scene. But as well as this most films include selective uses of other transitions, they usually do this to set a tone or mood as this gives more of an affect or conveys emotion to the audience or is put there to suggest that time has passed or for separate parts of the story. These other transitions are Dissolves, Cuts, Fades and Wipes.
Cut:
A cut is the most basic of all the transitions, are there is no particular processes needed to perform a cut, are the two film strips are just simply placed next to each other in edit, when an audience are watching a film that has a cut transition in, it will be recognised as one image being replaced with another image almost instantly.
Dissolve:
This involves gradually changing the visibility of the clip being played, however rather than transitioning straight from shot to colour, a dissolve is when a shot changes into another slowly.
Fade:
Just like the dissolve transition a fade occurs when the picture has gradually completely turned into a single colour, in most films they tend to use the colour black for this. Fade INS are usually used at the beginning of a film, while fade outs are typically found at the end of a film.
Wipes:
A wipe is when one shot replaces another shot; it is done by the new shot travelling from a opposite side of the screen. This transition happens mainly at the end of title credits.
Point Of View Shot:
The camera will be placed as though we are that character as we will see everything that that person see’s. This technique is mainly used as it draws the viewer in to the film more and gives them more involvement as an audience.
In camera editing:
This is where a film has been created by filming a sequence of shots in the order that they will be screened and when this is done the post production process is usually left out. Editing with the camera involves planning beforehand the shots that you will be filming later on.
Multiple points of view:
This is when the different points of view on screen and they show the characters/actors side of views. The camera will be placed as though we are that character as we will see everything that that person see’s.
Shot Variation:
This is where you break long shots up, cutting them down into smaller parts, this is done when there is a really long shot that is only based around one thing in particular so instead of showing it all as it would become boring, different length of shots are used varying from a long, to a medium and a close up shot, this is so we can just focus on that one thing showing that it has more importance.
Manipulation of diegetic time and space:
This is the editing technique that is used to portray time unconventionally this is when an edit is used to make it look like a person or the environment or an object is changing over time.
Seamless editing:
This is masking one cut to the next matching frame.
Montage editing:
Is where short shots are then pieced together and edited into a sequence and this is done to condense space, time and information for the viewer. It is mainly used to show a passing of time.
Parallel editing:
This is also known as cross-cutting. It is a technique used within film editing and it falls under the continuity editing. Parallel editing has many effects but the main important effect that this technique has is that of simultaneousness, suggesting two things, or scenes are happening at the exact same time. Here is an example of parallel editing.
The Purpose of Editing
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